Heavy metals can be toxic to organ systems when they accumulate in the body and can disrupt the balance of essential nutrients. Several variables influence which sample type is most applicable, including toxicokinetics, dose, duration of exposure, route of exposure, and half-life. Multiple sample types allow the physician to choose the most clinically appropriate option.
List of analytes
|
Urine |
Urine |
Hair |
|
Toxic elements |
Toxic + Nutrient
Items |
Toxic + Nutrient
Items |
| Analyte counting |
20 |
38 |
39 |
| Aluminum |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
| Antimony |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
| Arsenic |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
| Barium |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
| Beryllium |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
| Bismuth |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
| Boron |
|
✓ |
✓ |
| Cadmium |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
| Calcium |
|
✓ |
✓ |
| Cesium |
✓ |
✓ |
|
| Chrome |
|
✓ |
✓ |
| Cobalt |
|
✓ |
✓ |
| Copper |
|
✓ |
✓ |
| Gadolinium |
✓ |
✓ |
|
| Germanium |
|
|
✓ |
| Iodine/Iodide |
|
|
✓ |
| Iron |
|
✓ |
✓ |
| Lead |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
| Lithium |
|
✓ |
✓ |
| Magnesium |
|
✓ |
✓ |
| manganese |
|
✓ |
✓ |
| Mercury |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
| Molybdenum |
|
✓ |
✓ |
| Nickel |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
| Palladium |
✓ |
✓ |
|
| Match |
|
✓ |
✓ |
| Platinum |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
| Potassium |
|
✓ |
✓ |
| Rubidium |
|
|
✓ |
| Selenium |
|
✓ |
✓ |
| Silver |
|
|
✓ |
| Sodium |
|
✓ |
✓ |
| Strontium |
|
✓ |
✓ |
| Sulfur |
|
✓ |
✓ |
| Tellurium |
✓ |
✓ |
|
| thallium |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
| Thorium |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
| Tin |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
| Titanium |
|
|
✓ |
| Tungsten |
✓ |
✓ |
|
| Uranium |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
| Vanadium |
|
✓ |
✓ |
| Zinc |
|
✓ |
✓ |
| Zirconium |
|
|
✓ |
| Relationship:
Calcium/Magnesium |
|
|
✓ |
| Relationship:
Potassium sodium |
|
|
✓ |
| Relationship:
Zinc/Copper |
|
|
✓ |
| Relationship:
Zinc/Cadmium |
|
|
✓ |
| Relationship:
Calcium/Phosphorus |
|
|
✓ |